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2022-11-22
IBM AIU芯片揭秘：5nm 32核心、230亿个晶体管！
今年10月，IBM发布了旗下首款人工智能计算单元（Artificial Intelligent Unit，AIU）片上系统。这是一种专用集成电路 (ASIC)，旨在更快、更高效地训练和运行需要大规模并行计算的深度学习模型。AIU：专为现代AI计算打造在过去多年来，业界主要是利用CPU、GPU来运行深度学习模型，但是随着人工智能模型的数量正呈指数级增长。
行业动态
10倍硅基芯片性能 中国公司攻关石墨烯技术：有望打破垄断
随着摩尔定律不断逼近极限，现在的硅基半导体技术很快会碰到极限，1nm及以下工艺就很难制造了，新的技术方向中石墨烯芯片是个路子，国内也有多家公司组建联盟攻关这一技术，其性能可达硅基芯片的10倍。
日前在（第九届）中国国际石墨烯创新大会上，国内多家公司及机构成立了石墨烯铜创新联合体，成员包括正泰集团、上海电缆所与上海市石墨烯产业技术功能型平台。
石墨烯铜创新联合体希望能够研发出基于石墨烯的芯片来取代传统硅基芯片，由于石墨烯的电子迁移率远高于硅基材料，性能至少是硅基芯片的10倍以上，同时功耗还大幅降低。
目前多个国家都在研究石墨烯芯片，一旦成功量产，那就有望打破垄断。
不过石墨烯芯片的难度也极高，数十年来业界一直在研究大规模量产的方法，但都没有达到实用程度。
据介绍，石墨烯是一类由单层以碳原子六方晶格排列构成的特殊材料，强度大约是钢的 200 倍，导电性和导热性均高于铜，每平方米的重量不到1毫克。
它还具有高电导率和导热系数，因此在散热、电池及芯片等各个领域都有极大的发展潜力。
早在2010年，IBM公司就展示过石墨烯晶圆，晶体管频率可达100GHz，理论上还可以制造500GHz到1000GHz的芯片。
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